Prima Secundae
250. Summa I-II q.102 a.5 (replies 5–9): The red heifer, the Day of Atonement and scapegoat, cleansing lepers, and consecrating priests
Class of 2015-11-19
https://berquistcourse.com/course/theology/11-prima-secundae/250-summa-i-ii-q-102-a-5-replies-5-9-the-red-heifer-the-day-of/

[0:00] Okay. To the fifth, it should be said that as has been said, twofold is the uncleanliness in the law. Doesn't mean in the law. It means, okay, in one through some corruption of the mind or the body, and this was the greater what, uncleanliness. The other was the uncleanliness from only the contact of the unclean thing, and this was the minor one or lesser one, and was expiated by a easier rite.

[0:40] Now the first uncleanliness is expiated by a sacrifice for the sin, because every corruption from sin proceeds. I mean, every corruption proceeds from sin and signifies sin, right? But the second uncleanliness is expiated through only the aspersion of what, water, huh? About which water expiation there's an account in Numbers 19.

[1:17] Now it was commanded there by God that they take the what? This is the red heifer. Red heifer. Is that what it is? Yeah. The red cow. Red cow. Cow, yeah.

[1:31] In memory of the sin that they committed in the adoration of the. Bull Yeah. At the golden one or what? Golden calf. Yeah, yeah. And the um. And it's called a what? Cow.

[1:54] Vaca. Vaca. More than what? Than a calf. Yeah. So it's it's a thing, right, President Ram? Right. Because thus the Lord was accustomed to call the what? Synagogue. According to that of the Osee 4, sicut vacca lascivians, Israel declined, huh? It's lascivious. Lusty cow.

[2:24] You say vaca in Spanish or cow? Vaca. And this, perhaps, therefore, because they worshipped what? Cows. In the custom of Egypt, yeah. According to that of Osee chapter 10, now.

[2:45] That the was it Bethaven? Bethaven. Bethaven? But did they translate the name Bethaven now. Worshipped cows. And in detesting of the sin of idolatry, they they immolated them outside the camp. And wherever the sacrifice came about for the expiation of a multitude of sins, they burned them outside the whole what camp.

[3:20] And that it might signify through this sacrifice that the people were what cleansed from the the universal sins. Um, they the priest touched the finger in its blood and sprinkled, I guess, Sprinkled against

[3:43] seven walls right. The walls of the sanctuary seven times. He did seven times, yeah. Because seven signifies the universality. Seven days in the week, I guess. And this aspersion or sprinkling of the blood pertained to the detesting of idolatry, in which the blood immolated was not what. Was not spilled. Yeah. Was congregated, right? And about this, men ate In honor of the idols. In honor of the idols, huh?

[4:23] That was burned, however, in fire because either the god appeared to Moses in fire, and in the fire there is given what the law.

[4:38] So Cecil DeMille, right? I told you I saw that movie one time, and and it's such a long movie, and so they had kind of a break there, and went down to men's rooms like that, and it's kind of a you know working man type man, he says it really makes you think, you know. And I said so because I was amused with it. I I said yeah, it does.

[4:59] I wasn't going to disturb his faith, you know. But kind of interesting, you know. Okay. Okay, so he appeared to Moses, right, in the the fire, I guess of the of the plant, right. Okay.

[5:30] Or because through this it signified that idolatry was wholly what Extra, yeah, and everything that pertained to idolatry, just as the cows were burned, right, both skin and flesh. Blood and. What? Dung. Dung.

[5:53] Okay. Burned everything. Yet it was handled to the flame. And they added in the combustion. The cedar wood, huh? The hyssop, the coccus bis tinctus the twice dipped, what scarlet twice done? Yeah, twice dyed, okay, scarlet twice. To signifying that just as the cedar wood does not easily corrupt, huh? And the what did you call that again? Scarlet twice done, scarlet twice. Does not lose its color, and the hyssop retains its odor after it was dried out.

[6:33] So also the sacrifice was in the conservation of the people and of their honesty and their what devotion. Whence it was said of the ashes of the cow that they might be to the multitude of the sons of Israel in their custody, right? Maybe kept with them being memory.

[6:57] Yeah. Or according to what Josephus, huh? His Antiquities. The four elements. It signified the four elements, right? For to fire is appointed cedar, right? Signifying the what? Earth. The earth, on account of its earthiness.

[7:24] They're quite worthy of lateness, you know. Terrestriatum. Hyssop signifying what? Air, on account of its odor. Coccus. bis tinctus. Signifying water for the same reason. Also purple. Yeah, on account of the tinctures which are taken from water. That to this might be expressed that that sacrifice was offered to the Creator of the four what elements, huh? I don't have to do it. you don't have to deal with 98 elements or something you know, in this symbolism.

[8:03] And because this sacrifice is offered for the sin of idolatry, in whose detesting and burning and collecting the ashes, right, and the one who who sprinkles the water in which the ashes are placed are regarded as what? Clean. And to this is shown that whatever in whatever way pertains to idolatry as it were, something unclean should be what? Yeah. I wonder they had a hard time observing all these laws, huh?

[8:34] Yeah. Through from this uncleanness are purified through the only through the absolution or the washing, vestments. Nor did the water need to be what sprinkled on account of this uncleanness, because thus there would be a process in infinitum. For the one who sprinkled the water became unclean, right? And thus, if someone sprinkled himself, he would remain unclean. If, however, another one sprinkled him, he would be unclean.

[9:12] And similarly, the one who sprinkled him, and so on, in infinitum. Oh my God! Had to break the cycle. Yeah. Okay. We're almost halfway through this objection. My goodness, Platos. Now we come to the figurative reason.

[9:41] Now the figurative reason of the sacrifice is because through the red cow was signified what Christ, taken according to what, his infirmity. Which is designated by the feminine sex. Which designates the feminine sex.

[10:04] The color of the cow signifies the blood of his passion, right? The redness, he said. And the red cow was of a integral what age? Because every operation of Christ is perfect. Yeah, so it has to be a, not a heifer, it has to be a cow. Yeah. In which there is no what stain, nor does it bear the yoke, because it does not bear the yoke of sin.

[10:46] It be commanded to be brought to Moses, because it was imputed. For transgressing the law of Moses. Yeah, in violation of the Sabbath. It was commanded to be handed to Eleazar, the priest, because Christ would be killed in the hands of the what priest? He's handed over to. It would be

[11:23] offered up outside the camp, because outside the gate Christ suffers. Huh. The priest dips his finger in his blood, huh? Because through discretion, which the finger signifies, right? Huh. The mystery of the passion of Christ should be considered and imitated. That's interesting. The Ethiopians have part of their liturgy, the Mass, where the priest actually dips his finger in the chalice and he dips his finger in the chalice, quotes John the Baptist, "Behold, the Lamb of God," and then he takes the precious blood that's on his finger and he signs the host.

[12:07] Interesting. It is what sprinkled her against the the tent, through which the synagogue is designated, or for the condemnation of the Jews not believing, huh? Or for the purification of those what believing. And this in seven what places is it? Seven times. Oh, seven times, okay. Either an account of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, or an account of the seven days in which all time is understood, huh?

[12:52] All things which pertain to the incarnation of Christ. Should be what burned, I guess, by fire. That is to be understood spiritually. For through the skin and the flesh, the what exterior operation of Christ is signified. Through the blood, the subtle and inward power vivifying the outside. Through the what, Dung Yeah, Laziness, Uh, hunger, and all things pertaining to infirmity.

[13:33] There's added however, three things: the, yeah, which signifies the height of hope. Or contemplation, the hyssop, which signifies what humility or faith. The coccus twice tinctus, which signifies what charity. Through this, that we ought to adhere to Christ's suffering.

[14:04] This ash of combustion is collected by what a clean man. Because the remains of the passion come to the Gentiles, who are not culpable in the what death of Christ.

[14:24] There are added the ashes to the water to expiate. Because from the passion of Christ, baptism gets the power of cleansing sins. The priest who offers it up and burns the cow, and the one who is, burned Yeah,

[14:49] and who collects the ashes was unclean, and also the one who sprinkled the water. Because the Jews were made unclean from the killing of Christ, through which our sins are expiated. Now the Jews like to hear all these figurative senses, and this all the way to what vespers, huh? Accused Thomas of being anti Semitic Okay, That is all the way to the end of the world, right?

[15:21] Huh? To vespers, huh? To the end of the world, when the remainder of Israel will be converted, like Saint Paul says, right? Or because those who treat of the sacred things, intending them for the cleansing of others, right? They also contract certain uncleanliness, as Gregory says in the what? Yeah. And this usque ad vesperum, that is until the end of the present life. Okay, start here.

[16:12] It's only half a page. Next objection. Next two objections. Just just just half a page. The Leonine edition. To six, it should be said that as has been said. The uncleanliness which comes from corruption, whether it be of the mind or the body, is expiated by the sacrifices for what sin.

[16:44] Um, there are offered special sacrifices for the sins of individuals, right? But because some being negligent, huh, about the expiation of these sins and uncleannesses, on account of their what? Ignorance. Yeah, from expiation of this sort, they desisted. It was instituted that once in a year, on the what tenth day of the seventh month, there would come about a sacrifice of expiation for the whole people.

[17:25] And because, as the apostle says in the Epistle to Hebrews, the law constituted men priests having what? Weakness. Yeah. It was necessary, therefore, that the priest, before offers for himself, the calf, right, for sin, in commemoration of the sin that Aaron made in the what? Making of the golden calf. Yeah, so Aaron's involved in the making of the golden thing. Yeah, he's the one who collected all their earrings to fashion.

[18:00] And he was the brother of Moses. Yeah. Pacified the people by making the... They wanted, they wanted their pagan pagan gods just like they had in Egypt. Yeah. yeah So the pacifying when his brother didn't come back down Yeah Yeah they said they said we don't know what's happened to this Moses guy Make us a god He said okay give me all your gold Yeah And made the calf There's a character in Shakespeare there that is Aaron right Yeah yeah Pretty nasty character

[18:44] Okay Commemoration of sin that Aaron made in the uh making of the gold Yeah there it is vitulum arietem And the bo I mean, the ram writes it in the Holocaust, which is signified that the prelacy of the priest, which the ram designates, who is the leader of the flock, was ordered should be ordered to the honor of what God.

[19:21] Then he offered for the people to what goats? Goats, huh? Which one animal? Of which one was immolated to expiating the sin of the multitude, right? For the what goat? The animal that is. Yeah, and other skins. Oh yeah. Yeah, I was reading the story there in the 15th chapter of

[19:57] Luke there today. It's the one where the the repentant son comes back, right? And the the fatted calf they offered up, right? Then the the older brother comes down and complains, right? And he says, "You never even killed a a goat for me." Oh yeah. Yeah, the goat, yes. You think of this here, you know, that the goat is is uh is infuriated, obviously, with the the the repentant son was getting for his merry making, you know.

[20:30] Yeah. You didn't give me a goat for my merry making, he says. To my friends. So the hircus is an animal fetid huh? It's stinking Yeah, and now the skins are made pungent, huh? Biting. Spinking.

[20:50] Well, Saint Saint Paul was a made tent uh goat bear, didn't he? I think he did. And to this is signified the the the odor and the uncleanliness and the sharpness of sin so boy

[21:07] How much we miss That was Capricorn. it's a goat, right? Yeah, that's I'm born the son of the goat. This is terrible. The goat that's the ram. Capra is the

[21:30] she goat. I'm sorry. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Isn't the goat associated with lust too, or sins of the flesh, isn't that part of it? Okay, that's. I think I just I just got this. the hircus is the he goat, so we say goat, and the copra is the she goat. I didn't know the difference. Oh, I see. It's like it's like a difference between a you say a heart and a doe, or a heart and a what's the other one?

[22:08] It's the hind. A heart and a hind. One's male, one's female. The hind is the male. The heart is the female. So the hircus is a he goat and a capra the she goat. Okay.

[22:29] Um. Yeah, they say when when the he goat is when he's ready to reproduce or something, when he's in the mood, he stinks. Have you ever smelled Billy Goat or E-Goat? They really they call it rutting, when he's rutting, it stinks, on him. I've smelled that's two things One, he does stink, and that's the side of his lust. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.

[23:09] See this, the blood of this what offered up goat, huh, is what carried, huh, carried in together to the blood of the in the Sancta Sanctorum. And is what, from it to the whole sanctuary. What do they do that for? To signify that the tabernacle is clean from the uncleanlinesses of the sons of Israel.

[23:43] The bodies of the goat and the calf, which are offered up for sin, to see that they be burned to show in the consumption of the sins, consuming of the sins. Yeah, because there was not burnt something holy except the holocaust, huh? Hence the command was that they be burnt outside the the camp, huh, in detesting of the sin.

[24:16] This was when there came about some sacrifice to be offered for some grave sin, right, huh? Or for the multitude of sins, huh? The other what goat was sent out of the desert, huh? Not that it be offered to demons, huh? Which the Gentiles worshipped in the desert,

[24:41] because to them nothing was what licit to be offered up, but to designating the effect of that sacrifice, goat. And therefore the priest placed his hand upon his what head, confessing the sins of the children of Israel, and that that goat was deported in the desert, where he would be eaten by what beasts, as they were, carrying the punishment for the sins of the people.

[25:25] It is set over to carry the sins of the people, because in its sending forth it signified the remission of the sins of the people, or because it was collected as it were upon his head, right, some schedule where there were written the sins down.

[25:49] Now the re the figurative reason of these things, huh? Let's just notice. Okay, the figurative reason of these things was because Christ is signified. Both through the what, calf, an account of his what virtue, and by the ram, because he is the leader of the faithful, and through the goat, an account of the likeness of the sin, of the flesh of sin, sin that be punished, and thus Christ is offered up for the sins, both of the priests and of the people, because through his passion, both the greater and the lesser are cleansed from sin.

[26:39] And in the confession there, I mean on the, the litany of the blood of Christ, right? Isn't it? That's all hope there, right? But the blood of the lamb and the goat, are placed in the what? Holy, holy, through the priest, because through the blood of the passion of Christ, there is clear for us entry into the kingdom of heavens, the heavens. The their bodies are burnt outside the thing, because outside the gate Christ suffered, as the apostle says in the epistle to the Hebrews.

[27:22] Through the goat, however, who was sent out, is signified either the divinity of Christ, which went away in what, solitude, the man Christ suffering, not changing his place, but preventing

[27:43] his power, yeah, or he signified the bad what, which we ought which ought to be cast away from us, by offering our virtuous motions to God, to the Lord,

[28:01] and about the uncleanness of those which were burnt up in these sacrifices, the same reason is in sacrifice of the, yeah, red calf. Now another. It's the last. It's the last article. No, it's another article to this.

[28:30] Oh my goodness. Yeah. Oh my no. Seven and eight, seven eight are not bad. Yeah. Oh, eight and nine together. It's being part of the old the old testament, the old the old law. He's writing just about as much as Moses did.

[29:03] Okay. Now, to the seventh, it should be said that through the right of the law, the what the leper is not what cleansed from the stain of leprosy, but the one who has been cleansed, I guess, from that, is shown, right? Huh? And this is signified in Leviticus fourteen when it is said about the priest, when you find a leper has been what cleansed?

[29:41] Yeah. For leprosy has been cleansed, but is said to be purified in so far as it is what? By the judgment of the priest Yeah. He's restored to the company. of men And To the divine cult it happens nevertheless sometimes through a divine miracle that, through the rite of the corporeal law, leprosy is what cleansed

[30:16] when the priest is deceived in his what judgment? Strange. Okay, this purification of the leper comes about in two ways. For first, he is judged to be pure, clean. Secondly, he is, yeah, as one clean to the company of men, right? And to the divine worship after seven what days? Huh. In the first purification, is offered for him the leper cleanse two sparrows, live and what cedarwood and

[31:13] scarlet. Scarlet? Is that scarlet or anything? He said, and it's scarlet and hyssop. Oh, Vermicles. It refers to something. Vermicles is like a baby worm, grub, or a larva. So I don't know if it means a corrupted wool or something. I thought maybe tequila was involved. Because Verm Vermicles is a worm. I'm a vermi, vermi is not a man, right? Vermicles is a little worm. Yeah. Yeah.

[32:19] Oh, later down it says with a scarlet thread. That's what would be used to tie the bird. Oh, okay. So Vermicles would be the thread. Usually, filis is the word for thread. And hyssop together with the yeah the thread, scarlet thread bound. Bind the bird, yeah. And hyssop together with the cedarwood, so that the cedarwood would be. The

[32:50] handle of an aspergator. Oh, so that's asparagus. Yeah. The hyssop and the Bird, yeah. Sparrow. Would be touched, dipped, I think we say dipped

[33:14] in the blood of the other sparrow, that was immolated in living water, flowing water. These four were offered against the four defects of leprosy. For against the putridness of the corruption, is offered the cedar, which is a wood that doesn't grow. Yeah. Against the odor was it? Yeah. Hyssop, which is a herb odiferous, fragrant. Fragrant. Against insensibility, the living bird. Against the ugliness of the color, the worm, who has a living color.

[34:02] Yeah. But the living bird was allowed to fly away to the field because the leper was restored to his pristine liberty. Wow. God didn't have leprosy in those days. huh Cure is almost as bad Yeah, really. As bad as the disease. In the eighth day, he was admitted to the what divine worship, and we and the what restored to the consortium

[34:45] of men, right? The first what. Peeling the skins of the whole body. Shaving all their hair out of the body. Oh my God. And the vestments, huh?

[35:13] In that the what leprosy corrupts the what hairs, and stains the vestments and renders them fetid. And after the words, the sacrifice is offered for his what his defect, or his sinfulness, because leprosy many times is induced for what sin.

[35:44] But about the blood of the sacrifice being what touched. Touched or dipped. Yeah. Which was to be what pure. Pure And the pollex is that the thumb Yeah thumb of the right hand And the foot Great toe Oh the great toe Because in these parts, first leprosy is diagnosed, I guess. And felt. And felt, huh? Actually, that would mean, the translation of the Latin would be the thumb of his right hand and his foot, so your big toe of your thumb, maybe in your foot.

[36:28] Yeah, that's interesting. They were applied to this right three liquors, blood against the corruption of the blood, oil to designating the, Healing of the sickness. yeah, and living water to the cleaning

[36:51] Washing away the filth Okay. The figurative reason was that because of the two what birds, the two does, sparrows, sparrows. Okay, it signified the divinity and humanity of Christ. How do you get that? Of which the one to which humanity is offered up in the vessel Upon the clay vessel, I guess, filled with living water. Yeah, Because through the passion of Christ, the waters of baptism are consecrated.

[37:33] The other, to wit, the impassible divinity remains living, right? Because the divinity is not able to die. Whence it what flies away? Because it cannot be what restricted by the passion. huh? I'm glad somebody figured all this out. Yeah.

[37:58] I just hope we don't have to remember all this for judgment day. I know. Otherwise I won't get in. Yeah, you got to pass this exam before they let you into heaven. Why did the two sparrows signify in the cleansing of the leper Now this passer vivus, together with the cedar wood and the yeah, or the what worm? What's it? I'm trying to understand. How do they translate that sentence?

[38:34] Together with the cedar wood and scarlet, or whatever the things. Do they not say it? Oh, vermiculos. They know what coco is. Well, coco is the scarlet. What's the next word? Hyssop hyssop See, they're not translating this. I I don't know what the word is supposed to mean, but it looks like a little worm. He had a cardinal something or those thing. That is by faith, hope, and charity.

[39:04] You know how to get that out there, huh? As has been said above, huh? It is put into the water to sprinkle, because in the faith of God and man we are baptized.

[39:20] The man is what washed through the water of baptism. Tears. His vestments. That is his works, and all his what cut his thoughts. Yeah, I heard that kind of filing seat. All the the hairs of your head are numbered, right? All your thoughts are known by God, right? I heard that before. Okay, he touches over the extreme what. Right here, maybe is that earlobe or something. The tip of the right ear.

[39:55] The tip of the right ear. The one who is cleansed of. Blood and of what oil that his hearing might be guarded against corrupting words. His thumb, the thumb of his right hand and his foot. Are touched that his action might be holy.

[40:15] The other things which pertain to perfection are also to other what. Purities. Do not have something special apart from the other sacrifices for sins or for crimes. yeah I still have four minutes to go. You got time for that one, or no we gotta stop here. Uh uh Yeah maybe we'll do this. one octavum and nonum together huh Two of them together. My goodness. Okay, because 10 is a long.

[40:50] one. To the eighth and ninth, it should be said that just as the people were instituted for the culture, I mean for the worship of God, through circumcision, so the ministers, through some special purification or consecration, were instituted to be priests. I guess. Whence they were what, commanded to be separated from the others, right? As it were, specially being deputed for the ministry of the worship of God.

[41:26] Yeah. Or above others I guess And the whole that what came about about them in their consecration institution, to this pertains that might be shown to have a certain what prerogative of purity and what virtue and dignity. And therefore, in the institution of ministers, three things came about. For first, they were what purified. Secondly, they were adorned and consecrated. Third, they were applied to the use of the service.

[42:05] Yeah. Now they are commonly all purified through the ablution of water. And through certain sacrifices, but in a special way, the Levites were what shaved all his hairs. Their what? Poor guys.

[42:28] Okay. The consecration, however, about the high priests and the regular priests in this order came about. For first, after they were what washed, they were clothed, right? Special vestments pertaining to their what? Yeah. Especially the priest by the oil of what anointing. Head and. That might be designated from him will be spread out on the power of consecrating to others, as the oil from the head is derived to the what?

[43:13] Lower parts. As as the Psalm one thirty two. They still do that ordination of a bishop. They pour oil on his head, literally pour oil on his head. Yeah. There's a famous photograph of John Paul II when he was consecrated bishop. Yeah. Because what they used to do, I don't know what they do now. The way they pour it is different or something, but they used to.

[43:35] They would actually tie a linen around his head so it wouldn't go down. Yeah. And so there's a picture of John Paul that he's being. I guess they used to maybe go on a procession or something after they did this. He's got this thing, it looks like he's been wounded. You know, he's got a bandana around his head and he's all in vestments and everything.

[43:54] No wonder they canonized him Yeah. So Psalms as the anointing on the head that descends to the what? Yeah. The beard of Aaron, right? Okay.

[44:15] Okay. The Levites, however, did not have another consecration, except that they were offered to the Lord by the sons of Israel through the hands of the high priest, right? Who prayed for them, right? The only the hands of the lesser priests, right, were consecrated, because they were thing they were applied to the sacrifices, right? A lot of work. Yeah. And about the blood of the animals offered, they were touched, right?

[44:53] The extreme of their what? Right ear. And the. What are their feet? The toe with their feet and the right. Pliches or the thumbs? The thumbs of your right hand. Of your foot. The right hand. That they might be obedient to the law of God in the offering of sacrifices, which is signified in the. tip of the right ear. Yeah. And they were solicitous and prompt in execution of sacrifices, which is signified in the anointing of the foot and the right hand, and they were what?

[45:31] Sprinkled. Sprinkled in their vestments with the blood of the animal in memory of the blood of the lamb to which they were liberated in Egypt. To get sprinkle of blood, huh? I'm glad they didn't do that in my ordination.

[45:52] They were offered, however, in their consecration these sacrifices. The um. Calf for sin in memory of the remission of sins of the Aaron about the yeah, that's when you cast some metal, yeah, the casting of the golden calf, yeah. The lamb in the holocaust in memory of the offering of Abraham, whose obedience the priest ought to imitate huh My goodness, The um ram of consecration who was the peace offering, host in memory of the liberation from Egypt to the lamb to the blood of the lamb.

[46:40] The. The what bread? What they call it? The basket. The bread. Basket of bread. Yeah, these stuff these are these are canister. Don't use in the kitchen now. In memory of the bread, manna bestowed upon the people, right? It pertains however, to the application of the minister that there be imposed upon their hands the fat of the um, The ram. Ram and the. What's a torta? One roll of bread.

[47:18] one roll of bread. Tortilla, tortilla. Yeah. And the right. Right corner. Shoulder, right shoulder. That it might be shown that they receive the power of offering these to the Lord. The Levites, however, are applied to the minister to the ministry, to the service through this that they are introduced. Tabernacle. Covenant. As it were, to administer the vessels of the sanctuary. Yeah. Now the figurative reason of these things was that those who were consecrated to the spiritual service of Christ ought to be first purified through the water of baptism and tears, huh, in faith of the passion of Christ, which is expiative and purgative of purging a sac and a purging sacrifice, huh.

[48:19] And they ought to what? Shave all the hairs of the flesh. Yeah. That is all bad thoughts, huh? They are also to be ordained with virtues and consecrated by the oil of the Holy Spirit and the sprinkling of the blood of Christ, and thus they ought to be intent to carrying out the spiritual services. And all that that you're involved in, didn't you?

[48:51] Yeah. So now, mercy, we're going to stop here. So, deicum.